If Seeing is Believing, Then Hearing is Connecting :: Psychology Hearing Seeing Essays

If Seeing is Believing, Then Hearing is ConnectingWhen I was in ordinal grade, our teacher, Mr. Kreinhop, presented us with an interesting and intriguing dilemma would we prefer to lose our hearing or our sight? During the discussion that followed, I was very surprised to learn that Mr. Kreinhops make was contrasting from my own. As an eleven year old, I could not understand why any ane would choose to lose their vision () instead of their hearing.My reasons for needing to keep my sight seemed so obvious to me. Without it, one cannot clip at the library, hide away with a good book, see a friend approaching, or watch a movie. more or less all-important(a)ly to a soon-to-be-teenager, one could not drivesurely a necessity for an American wanting to be truly independent. Without vision, how could one ever do all the things I purview I needed to do?Now, as an adult who has done some of those things and who will never do others of them, and as a wife and a nonplus and a teacher, I would give the same answer that Mr. Kreinhop didI would choose to lose my vision if it meant I could keep my hearing. I have two oblige reasons. First, my relationship with my children and my husband centers around the talking and listening that we do. Second, my vision of teaching has become one where teachers and students join as participants in discourse, which means they must actively communicate with each other, say what they are thinking and listen to each other to join in a conversation.The move and my answers to it interest me now in new and different ways. What are the differences between seeing and hearing that made/make these choices so simple and obvious for me? present are two different condense systems. Well, actually more than two, but I am going to focus on the ones that are concerned with the talk of and between human beings, the systems upon which I based my choices. One is made up of visual signs, both communicatory and nonverbalcommunication based upon wri ting, pictures and symbols. The other is overly verbal and nonverbal, the spoken battle cry and the sounds and intonations of the speech itself, as well as the silence that can be an invaluable component of listening and conversing.Visual sign systems are very important in our culture so much of the communication in our society is based on visual signs, both verbal and nonverbal.If Seeing is Believing, Then Hearing is Connecting Psychology Hearing Seeing EssaysIf Seeing is Believing, Then Hearing is ConnectingWhen I was in sixth grade, our teacher, Mr. Kreinhop, presented us with an interesting and provocative dilemma would we prefer to lose our hearing or our sight? During the discussion that followed, I was very surprised to learn that Mr. Kreinhops answer was different from my own. As an eleven year old, I could not understand why anyone would choose to lose their vision () instead of their hearing.My reasons for needing to keep my sight seemed so obvious to me. Without it, one cannot browse at the library, hide away with a good book, see a friend approaching, or watch a movie. Most importantly to a soon-to-be-teenager, one could not drivesurely a necessity for an American wanting to be truly independent. Without vision, how could one ever do all the things I thought I needed to do?Now, as an adult who has done some of those things and who will never do others of them, and as a wife and a mother and a teacher, I would give the same answer that Mr. Kreinhop didI would choose to lose my vision if it meant I could keep my hearing. I have two compelling reasons. First, my relationship with my children and my husband centers around the talking and listening that we do. Second, my vision of teaching has become one where teachers and students join as participants in discourse, which means they must actively communicate with each other, say what they are thinking and listen to each other to join in a conversation.The question and my answers to it interest me n ow in new and different ways. What are the differences between seeing and hearing that made/make these choices so simple and obvious for me?Here are two different sign systems. Well, actually more than two, but I am going to focus on the ones that are concerned with the communication of and between human beings, the systems upon which I based my choices. One is made up of visual signs, both verbal and nonverbalcommunication based upon writing, pictures and symbols. The other is also verbal and nonverbal, the spoken word and the sounds and intonations of the speech itself, as well as the silence that can be an invaluable component of listening and conversing.Visual sign systems are very important in our culture so much of the communication in our society is based on visual signs, both verbal and nonverbal.

Essay --

Humans project and always will affect the environment in few way possible. Every day, the everyday actions taken by humans be affecting the world more that which we reside upon. For years and years humans have been taking Earth for granted and by ignoring the damage caused to it. Our ways of life are destroying the very thing we live on and if continued, there may non be, in the near future, the world in which we call home.Many environmental issues happening today are caused mainly by human activities/human intervention. virtually examples of these human activities, which are growing out of hand, are growing populations, industries and their emissions, fires caused by those who are unaware and so many more. These growing factors have contributed greatly to negatively charged effects on the environment as well the CO2 emissions that they bring along side with them. Growing populations today have had devastating impacts on the environment. food for thought industries and food production companies have been struggling to keep up with the popular demand and with rising populations the situation is only getting worse. According to Howmany.org it is estimated that there are 1 billion people added to Earth every 12 years which equals to 220,000 people per day being born, with food and water becoming more and more limited and the amount of billet needed to live decreasing, it mass only have negative impacts on our environment, which is destruction. As human population grows, more space is needed to contain them and to get more space land must be cleared out. In order to achieve this need for land, trees are done for(p) or otherwise known as deforestation. Nicole Lindell, geologist, said we are also losing wildlife habitats, our natural environment, and most signi... ... ice caps were melting to the increase in temperature, global thaw shouldve been an issue which has been neglected for far too long. However, it still isnt too late to improve the situation. There have been so many technological advancements which stand help slow down the rate in which global warming can be slowed down, if not stopped completely. From electric cars to renewable energy to solar panels, these advancements in science have the ability to change the course of life, but are not taken advantage of.Our natural environment is of extreme and significant importance to our social and economic life. It also provides a resource for food supply and energy sources. There is always a limit on things we can and cannot do, the same applies to Earth. Earth cannot provide resources for eternity and it surely cannot repair itself from the severe damages caused by humans.

Individuals and Society :: essays research papers

American social institutions treat individuals fairly because people are a threat to themselves, they are a danger to others and without a judicial system there would be mass chaos. Delusion is the main theme in the early twentieth century in The Secret Life Of Walter Mitty by James Thurber when Walter is thrown back and forth between reality and a daydream state. Twenty five years later, slam Bradbury, presents the schizophrenic views of Albert Brock in the story The Murderer. The most sanely treated patient, however, is seen in the late twentieth century between Doctor Mark Powell and Probe in Gene Brewers K-Pax.Back it up, Mac Look out for that Buick were only some of the preachings Mr. Mitty heard during his state of inattentiveness more or less causes several accidents. Another clearly portrayed view that Americans are a danger to themselves is shown by Brewer. Probe went with a tragic event that manifested itself through an altered state of reality and eventu every last(pre dicate)y left him as a mindless vegetable.A risk to others is reinforced by Brock after being arrested for murdering electronics. And did you illuminate in committing these crimes that the wrist radio, the broadcasting transmitter, the phone, the bus radio, the office intercom, all were rented or were some-one elses property? Albert reinforces his punishment by boldly stating I would do it all over again. Another high offender to others is clearly shown by the pleas of Mrs. Mitty to slow the car down while Walter, in his unmindful state, drives recklessly down the road.Without courts or a judicial system, according to Bradbury, there would be Pandemonium, riot, and chaos This is shown when Albert brings a portable diathermy machine onto a public bus carrying citizens. With a complete overlook of concern for others well being Mr. Brock carried this event out. Without due process, Porters killing of another man would never have been discovered. After many counselor-at-law sessions between Probe and Dr.

Human Nature Explored in Robert Louis Stevensons Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hy

Human Nature Explored in Robert Louis Stevensons Dr. Jekyll and Mr. HydeStevenson gives the impression that human nature is a constant battlebetween considerably and evil. His nurture as a Calvinist has had a bigimpact on how he sees human nature and how it is portrayed in the book.It is a genuinely complex view of human nature, as Stevenson doesnt seeanybody as particularly evil or good, more which impulses of humannature are overpowering the body.Human nature in the book has many contradictory points in the novel.For instance, Dr.Jekyll is the most contradictory character in thenovel, because of Mr.Hyde being in the equation. Dr.Jekyll is the kindand good side of the two. Mr.Hyde is the nasty and evil side of thetwo. He shows contradictions in other characters too, like Mr.Enfield...

Driving Miss Daisy Essay -- essays research papers

Driving Miss Daisy     This is a report on the story "Driving Miss Daisy". The main characters ar Daisy Werthan, Boolie Werthan, and Hoke Colborn. Alfred Uhry wrote the play. It started in nineteen forty-eight and ended in nineteen seventy-three. Its a play based on a female Jew, which is Daisy Werthan, which passes the ages of seventy-two to xcvii years old, and a black chauffeur named Hoke. Daisys son Boolie is stuck in between Daisys prejudice and Hoke. Here goes.     Daisy showed her first type of prejudice when Hoke told her "yo zinnias chilliness use a little tendin to". She told him to leave them alone. He also offered to put vegetables in the garden. Daisy just gave him a rude reply. Now my opinion is that she didnt necessity him to touch her garden because she wasnt sure if black people knew how to take care of that type of thing. She also could have meant to be rude, not prejudice, because she doesnt call for help from anybody for anything, ever.     Her next example of racism was when Hoke was looking at the walls that had pictures on them, and Daisy saw him, She told him she didnt like him "nosing through" all her things. All he did was deliver to compliment her on her house, and to be more specific, her walls. Hoke told her that he liked a house that had pictures in it. Now, what I think is that this part could go two ways. She efficacy not be comfortable with ...

Leonard Bernstein Essay -- essays research papers

Leonard BernsteinLeonard Bernstein was born in Lawrenceville, Massachusettes onAugust 25, 1918. He was the first born barbarian of Samuel and Jennie Bernstein,who lived in Boston, but had foregone to Lawrenceville to visit some relatives.Bernsteins parents had little knowledge of, or interest inclassical medicine. The only records Leonard remembers hearing on his familyphonograph when he was a child were the general hit songs of the day, such as Barney Google and Oh by Jingo.For the most part, Leonard Bernstein was an unhappy child. He said, I was a miserable, terrified little child (Musicians p.64). His family movedfrom town to town, during Bernsteins school days, not giving him a chance tomake close friends or feel at home. Sadly, Bernsteins peers would make fun ofand tease Bernstein. He was a very sickly child as he suffered from chronicasthma, rose fever, and hay fever. This pathetic child grew to be a very shyperson.Leonard forever had a heart for medicament, even as a yo ung boy. Asan eight year old, one morning, when he was sitting in the synagogue, thereligious music of the choir and organ overwhelmed him by its beauty and causedhim to burst into tears. When Leonard and his family would visit their friends,Leonard would sneak over to the piano and experiment. When he was eleven, hisaunt sent her piano to his house for his family to halt for storage. I madelove to it right a instruction he recalled (Musicians p. 65). He could escape from allhis frustrations and sadness by playing the piano. His parents didnt like thefact that he was always at the piano, they wanted him to concentrate on hisschool work. They thought of piano playing as a waste of time because it stoodin the way of Leonards learning his fathers business, which they planned forhim to eventually take over.At the age of ten, Leonard found a piano teacher who would givehim lessons for a dollar a lesson. entirely that teacher soon moved away and Leonardfound himself paying another piano teacher three dollars a lesson out of hisallowance. After more than a year of piano lessons that just werent teachinghim much, Leonard found a new, and th... ...Bernstein has received such awards as the Albert learning abilityCommemorative Award in the Arts from the Albert Einstein College of Medicinethe John H. Finley Medal for service to New York City the Golden Europeantrophy, an annual award given to an outstanding figure in popular music theDatsun Award for outstanding service to American music the Institute ofInternational Education Award presented by President Nixon and the GeorgeFoster Peabody Awards for his television programs.Bernstein provided the music for four famous Broadway musicalswith a superior amount of sophistication and technique. Often times, he wouldproduce music with great humour and sentiment. Bernsteins great talents ledhim to motive a few books in the 1960s. One of his most recent, famouscollections of his music is used in the ever popular film West Si de Story.Leonard Bernstein was the reincarnation man of twentieth centurymusic. Over the decades, Bernstein has been called one of the most charismaticand gifted personalities in the music of our times.

Leonard Bernstein Essay -- essays research papers

Leonard BernsteinLeonard Bernstein was born in Lawrenceville, Massachusettes onAugust 25, 1918. He was the first born child of Samuel and Jennie Bernstein,who lived in Boston, but had gone to Lawrenceville to trim down some relatives.Bernsteins parents had little knowledge of, or interest inclassical melody. The only records Leonard remembers hearing on his familyphonograph when he was a child were the best-selling(predicate) hit songs of the day, such as Barney Google and Oh by Jingo.For the most part, Leonard Bernstein was an unhappy child. He said, I was a miserable, terrified little child (Musicians p.64). His family movedfrom town to town, during Bernsteins aim days, not giving him a chance tomake close friends or feel at home. Sadly, Bernsteins peers would make fun ofand tease Bernstein. He was a very(prenominal) sickly child as he suffered from chronicasthma, rose fever, and hay fever. This pathetic child grew to be a very shyperson.Leonard constantly had a heart for mu sic, even as a young boy. Asan eight twelvemonth old, one morning, when he was sitting in the synagogue, thereligious music of the sing and organ overwhelmed him by its beauty and causedhim to burst into tears. When Leonard and his family would visit their friends,Leonard would sneak over to the piano and experiment. When he was eleven, hisaunt sent her piano to his house for his family to keep for storage. I madelove to it right away he recalled (Musicians p. 65). He could escape from allhis frustrations and sadness by playing the piano. His parents didnt like thefact that he was always at the piano, they wanted him to concentrate on hisschool work. They thought of piano playing as a waste of time because it stoodin the way of Leonards attainment his fathers business, which they planned forhim to eventually take over.At the age of ten, Leonard found a piano instructor who would givehim lessons for a dollar a lesson. But that teacher soon moved away and Leonardfound himself paying another piano teacher three dollars a lesson out of hisallowance. After more than a year of piano lessons that just werent teachinghim much, Leonard found a new, and th... ...Bernstein has received such awards as the Albert EinsteinCommemorative Award in the Arts from the Albert Einstein College of medicinal drugthe John H. Finley Medal for service to New York City the Golden Europeantrophy, an annual award given to an outstanding figure in popular music theDatsun Award for outstanding service to American music the Institute ofInternational Education Award presented by President Nixon and the GeorgeFoster Peabody Awards for his television programs.Bernstein provided the music for quartette famous Broadway musicalswith a superior amount of sophistication and technique. Often times, he wouldproduce music with great humour and sentiment. Bernsteins great talents ledhim to author a few books in the 1960s. One of his most recent, famouscollections of his music is used in the ever popu lar film West Side Story.Leonard Bernstein was the Renaissance opus of twentieth centurymusic. Over the decades, Bernstein has been called one of the most charismaticand gifted personalities in the music of our times.

Difference Between Necessity and Private Defence Essay

The two grounds of plea known as necessary and private exoneration argon closely related. In both cases the perpetrator protects interests which are of value to her, such as life, physical integrity and billet, against threatening danger. The distinctions between these two grounds of justification are the following (Snyman C.R 2008)(1) the origin of the situation of emergency Private defence al styluss homes from an unlawful (and therefore human) attack necessity, on the new(prenominal) hand, may stem either from an unlawful human act, or from chance circumstances, such as natural occurrences.(2) the object at which the act of defence is directed Private defence is always directed at an unlawful human attack necessity is directed at either the interests of a nonher innocent third party or merely amounts to a violation of a legal provisioE.G X, who has a gun, tells Y that he kidnapped Ys daughter and orders Y, the bank manager, to use his code to return the safe of the bank and to hand him all the money inside the safe. If Y does not do what he says he, X will kill his daughter. If Y custody him the money he will be harming the bank and therefore act in necessity. If he takes his own gun and shoot X because he knows that X lied and that his daughter is safe, he will be acting in private defence to protect this own and the interest of the bank.The distinction between necessity and private defence is also illustrated by the requirements for the successful plea of the grounds of justification (necessity and private defence). These requirements are described belowNECESSITY A mortal acts push through of necessity and her conduct is therefore lawful if she acts in the protection of her own or somebody elses life, physical integrity, property or other legally recognised interest which is endangered by a threat of harm which has already begun or is immediately threatening and which freighternot be invalidateed in both other way provided that the person w ho relies on the necessity is not legally compelled to endure the danger, and the interest protected by the act of defence is not out of proportion to the interest threatened by such an act (Burchell, J2004). This defence arises when a person is confronted with a choice between suffering an sleaziness and breaking the law. It is regularly used to justify actions in emergencies. One would, for instance, be able to rely on necessity against a charge of speeding when capricious a person requiring urgent medical care to hospital.Requirements of Necessity (1) Some legal interest of X, such as her life, physical integrity or property must be threatened. In principle, one should also be able to protect other interests such as dignity, freedom and chastity in a situation of necessity.(2) One can also act in a situation of necessity to protect anothers interest, for example where X protects Z from being attacked by an animal.(3) The emergency must already have begun or be imminent, but mus t not have terminated, nor be expected in the future only.(4) Whether a person can rely on the defence of necessity if she herself is responsible for the emergency, is a debatable question. In our opinion X should not be precluded from successfully raising this defence merely because she caused the emergency herself. If she were precluded, this would mean that if, because of Xs carelessness, her baby swallowed an overdose of pills, X would not be allowed to authorise the speed limit while rushing the baby to hospital, but would have to resign herself to the childs dying (compare the facts in Pretorius supra). The two acts, namely the intromission of danger and rescue from it, should be separated. If the first act amounts to a crime X can be punished for it, for example where she sets fire to a category and then has to break out of the house to save her own life (Milton, J.R.L1997).(5) If somebody is legally compelled to endure the danger, she cannot rely on necessity. Persons suc h as policemen, soldiers and firemen cannot avert the dangers inherent in the exercise of their profession by infringing the rights of innocent parties. Another aspect of this rule is that a person cannot rely on necessity as a defence if what appears to her to be a threat is in fact lawful (human) conduct. Thus it was held in Kibi 1978 (4) SA 173 (EC) that if X is arrested lawfully, he may not trauma the police van in which he has been locked up, in order to escape from it.(6) The act committed in necessity is lawful only if it is the only way in which X can avert the threat or danger. Where, for example, Z orders X to kill Y and threatens to kill X if she does not obey, and it appears that X can overcome her dilemma by fleeing, she must flee, and if possible, seek police protection (Bradbury 1967 (1) SA 387 (A) 390).(7) X must be conscious of the fact that an emergency exists, and that she is therefore acting out of necessity. There is no such thing as a chance or accidental act of necessity. If X throws a brick through the windowpane of Ys house in order to break in, and it later appears that by so doing she has saved Z, who was sleeping in a room make full with poisonous gas, from certain death, X cannot rely on necessity as a defence.(8) The harm occasioned by the defensive act must not be out of proportion to the interest threatened, and therefore X must not cause more harm than is necessary to escape the danger. It is this requirement which is the most classical one in practice, and it can also be the most difficult to apply. The protected and the impaired interests are often of a different nature, for example where somebody damages anothers property in protecting her own physical integrity.

Grunge to Urban Grunge Essay

The shite scene is considered the most depressing, angst filled style. But how did stigma become grunge? How did a six-letter word meaning dirt, filth, trashbag become synonymous with a musical writing style, a distinct fashion statement and most especially, a subculture? According to the book Surfers Soulies Skinheads and Skaters which talks about different sub cultural style from the forties to the nineties, Members pelvic girdle of subculture groups, whose ideas and lifestyles are at variance with those of the governing culture, is usually dominated by the young.For some it is fleeting and forms a rite of passage others move through a series of subcultures, and some remain pull to one, long term. Belonging to a subculture can be liberating, offering, for example, certain freedoms in lifestyle, sexuality and politics. By defining their own geographical, social and sartorial boundaries, subcultures as wellhead issue a sense of belonging which is independent of the family. ( Amy de la Haye and Cathie Dingwall, 1996) grime style was sort of rebellion against the starched yuppiedom, first appearing in Seattle in the late 1980s. the Statess answer to Punk Rock, described both a new generation of loud, guitar-orientated rock music and the attitude of its exponents. Grunge was originally a genre of alternative rock the fashion scene however is different. Grunge fashion was influenced by grunge music, which achieved mainstream popularity in 1992 due to the overwhelming success of the band nirvana and their hit single Smell Like Teen Spirit.In Great Britain, Grunge was the name given by the music press to a wanton and short-lived collective of new rock bands. The word has since been used to describe the attitude, scruffiness and loud music preferred by youth who identify with this kind of music. The Grunge fashion is a combination of second-hand clothing like lain ovalbumin shirts worn with faded stonewashed blue jeans and heavy boots. The grunge scene was commonly associated with dark gloss palettes like maroon, forest green, indigo brown, and the most popular colour combination, black and white.In 1988, a Seattle record label called Sub Pop released a boxed in(p) set with a compilation of grunge bands like Nirvana, Soundgarden and Mudhoney and it came with a booklet with pictures by Charles Peterson, the photographer credited for creating grunges hair-sweat-and-guitars look. Sub Pop also sent it to the nations alternative-rock intelligentsia describing its bands punk-metal guitar noise as grunge, the first documented use of the now-ubiquitous term.The vibe now is a little fleck like the early 70s, before metal ceased to be heavy and relied on adrenaline highs as opposed to despondency, said Simon Reynolds, the author of Blissed Out (Serpents Tail, 1990) a chronicle of rock subcultures. Theres a feeling of burnout in the culture at large. Kids are depressed about the future. James Truman, the editor program in chief of Details, th e young mens style magazine that took grunge to the masses, said To me the thing about grunge is its not anti-fashion, its un fashion.Punk was anti-fashion. It made a statement. Grunge is about not making a statement, which is why its crazy for it to become a fashion statement. Hollywood also weighed in with a grunge-scene movie, Singles released on the year 1992 by director Cameron Crowe. Then came fashion designer Marc Jacobs who was hailed as the guru of grunge but has never even been to Seattle that time. On April 1993 he launched a grunge-themed fashion show called Couture Grunge and Heroin Chic.During the spring fashion shows, designer Marc Jacobs debuts the seemingly oxymoronic couture grunge that emulates the loose smock shirts, shabby cardigans, wrinkled and torn pants, and the notoriously thin body frames of grunge rock and its largely Seattle-based musicians. This look involves an element that some call heroin stylishness, characterized by extremely thin models like Ka te Moss, and controversially alluding to drug use as an element of the latest trend.No one wants to pay designer prices for flannel shirts, and Jacobs charm (for the Perry Ellis label) was shut down, but not before making a profound effect on the fashion industry. Jacobs Spring/ Summer 1993 grunge collection was a seminal moment in modern fashion, launching the then relatively-unknown young designers straight into the big league as well as his dismissal from Perry Ellis, leading him to set up on his own.Today, the grunge fashion scene has been polished and renewed and turned into Urban Grunge, a more than sophisticated, edgy vibe of wearing the worn-out flannel and denim jeans. Typical for big citys street style, the urban grunge fashion go away never go out of style. The trend always appears in a new and interesting manner, whether it has futuristic details, vintage influences or masculine accents.The urban grunge street-inspired fashion comes back every season as an inspiration for high-fashion brands like John Galliano, Calvin Klein, Marc Jacobs to name a few and as well as for pipe fashion designers. I for one am a big fan of urban grunge fashion and I think its very hip and doesnt require a lot of effort to dress up. Grunge will always live on forever carrying the name of Nirvanas Kurt Cobain proving that Grunge is Not Dead.

Codependency: Family and Co-dependency this Condition

Co-dependency is a learned behavior that can be passed down from one generation to another. It is an stirred and behavioural condition that affects an individuals ability to have a healthy, mutually satisfying relationship. It is also known as relationship addiction because people with codependency ofttimes form or maintain relationships that are one-sided, emotionally destructive and/or abusive. The disorder was first identified about ten years ago as the result of years of studying interpersonal relationships in families of soakers.Co-dependent behavior is learned by watching and imitating other family members who display this type of behavior. Who Does Co-dependency Affect? Co-dependency often affects a spouse, a parent, sibling, friend, or co-worker of a person afflicted with alcohol or drug dependence. Originally, co-dependent was a term used to describe partners in chemical substance dependency, persons living with, or in a relationship with an addicted person. Similar patter ns have been seen in people in relationships with chronically or mentally sick of(p) individuals.Today, however, the term has broadened to describe any co-dependent person from any dysfunctional family. What is a Dysfunctional Family and How Does it Lead to Co-dependency? A dysfunctional family is one in which members suffer from fear, anger, pain, or shame that is ignored or denied. Underlying problems may include any of the following An addiction by a family member to drugs, alcohol, relationships, work, food, sex, or gambling. The existence of physical, emotional, or sexual abuse. The presence of a family member suffering from a chronic mental or physical illness.Dysfunctional families do not acknowledge that problems exist. They wear upont talk about them or confront them. As a result, family members learn to repress emotions and disregard their own needs. They become survivors. They develop behaviors that help them deny, ignore, or avoid difficult emotions. They detach them selves. They dont talk. They dont touch. They dont confront. They dont feel. They dont trust. The identity and emotional development of the members of a dysfunctional family are often inhibited Attention and energy focus on the family member who is ill or ddicted.The co-dependent person typically sacrifices his or her needs to take care of a person who is sick. When co-dependents place other peoples health, welfare and safety before their own, they can get contact with their own needs, desires, and sense of self. How Do Co-dependent People Behave? Co-dependents have low self-esteem and look for anything outside of themselves to make them feel better. They find it grueling to be themselves. Some try to feel better through alcohol, drugs or nicotine and become addicted.Related essay Shame is Worth a TryOthers may develop compulsive behaviors like workaholism, gambling, or indiscriminate sexual activity. They have good intentions. They try to take care of a person who is experienc ing difficulty, but the caretaking becomes compulsive and defeating. Co-dependents often take on a martyrs role and become benefactors to an individual in need. A wife may cover for her alcoholic husband a mother may make excuses for a truant child or a father may pull some set up to keep his child from suffering the consequences of delinquent behavior.The problem is that these repeated rescue attempts allow the needy individual to continue on a destructive bod and to become even more dependent on the unhealthy caretaking of the benefactor. As this reliance increases, the co-dependent develops a sense of reward and satisfaction from being needed. When the caretaking becomes compulsive, the co-dependent feels choiceless and helpless in the relationship, but is unable to break away from the cycle of behavior that causes it. Co-dependents view themselves as victims and are attracted to that same weakness in the love and friendship relationships.

Poverty in India Essay

need is the deprivation of food, shelter, money and clothing that occurs when people cannot satisfy their basic needs. exiguity can be understood plain as a lack of money, or more broadly in terms of barriers to everyday life. It refers to a situation where a person is unable piece the basic necessities of life. Absolute mendicancy or destitution refers to the differentiate of severe deprivation of basic human needs, which commonly includes food, water, sanitation, clothing, shelter, salutaryness c atomic number 18, education and information. The amount of income a person or family needs to purchase an absolute amount of the basic necessities of life. These basic necessities are identified in terms of kilocalories of food, BTUs of energy, square feet of living space, etceteraThe problem with the absolute pauperisation level is that in that respect really are no absolutes when in comes to consuming goods. Relative meagerness views poverty as socially defined and dependent on social context, hence relative poverty is a measure of income inequality. Usually, relative poverty is measured as the per centimeage of community with income less than some fixed proportion of median income. on that point are several other different income inequality metrics, for example the Gini coefficient or the Theil Index. Relative poverty measures are apply as official poverty rates in several developed countries. As such these poverty statistics measure inequality alternatively than material deprivation or hardship. The measurements are usually based on a persons yearly income and frequently take no neb of total wealth.DefinitionsUnited Nations Fundamentally, poverty is a denial of choices and opportunities, a violation of human dignity. It agent lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in society. It means not having enough to food and clothing a family, not having a school or clinic to go to, not having the land on which to pay back ones food or a job t o earn ones living, not having adit to credit. It means insecurity, powerlessness and exclusion of individuals, households and communities. It means susceptibility to violence, and it often implies living in marginal or fragile environments, without access to clean water or sanitation. World Bank poverty is sound out deprivation in well-being, and comprises many dimensions. It includes paltry incomes and the inability to acquire the basic goods and services necessary for survival with dignity.Poverty alike encompasses lowlevels of health and education, suffering access to clean water and sanitation, inadequate physical security, lack of voice, and insufficient capacity and opportunity to better ones life. Copenhagen Declaration Absolute poverty is a condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, shelter, education and information. It depends not only on income exclusively also on access t o social services. The term absolute poverty is sometimes synonymously referred to as extreme poverty. World Health Organisation Poverty is associated with the undermining of a range of key human attributes, including health. The poor are exposed to greater personal and environmental health risks, are less well nourished, shake up less information and are less able to access health care they thus mystify a higher(prenominal) risk of unhealthiness and disability.Conversely, illness can reduce household savings, lower learning ability, reduce productivity, and lead to a diminished quality of life, thereby perpetuating or even increasing poverty. Poverty line is the borderline level of income deemed adequate in a given country. In practice, like the definition of poverty, the official or common understanding of the poverty line is significantly higher in developed countries than in developing countries. The common international poverty line has in the past been roughly $1 a day. In 2008, the World Bank came out with a revised figure of $1.25 at 2005 purchasing-power parity (PPP). Determining the poverty line is usually through by upriseing the total cost of all the essential resources that an average human adult consumes in one year.Individual factors are often used to account for various circumstances, such as whether one is a parent, elderly, a child, married, etc. The poverty threshold may be adjusted annually. Below Poverty Line is an economic benchmark and poverty threshold used by the political science of India to indicate economic disadvantage and to identify individuals and households in need of government assistance and aid. It is determined using various parameters which vary from state to state and within states. The present criteria are based on a survey conducted in 2002. Going into a survey due for a decade, Indias profound government is undecided on criteria to identify families down the stairs poverty line.Poverty in IndiaThe problem of pov erty and unemployment is considered as the biggestchallenge to development planning in India. High poverty levels are synonymous with poor quality of life, deprivation, mal fare, illiteracy and low human resource development. The slogan of poverty eradication has been adopted by all political parties in one form or another and there is a national agreement for the goal of poverty alleviation. The national consensus on poverty alleviation provided the necessary condition for launching various schemes and programmes aimed at achieving this objective. however the persistence of poverty during all these years suggests that the national consensus on objectives did not and could not provide sufficient conditions for poverty alleviation. The starting point for estimating the number of households infra the poverty line is a nutritional requirement per person per day at some base point.There is a debate on the minimum calorie requirement, and whether it should be the same for all parts of the country. Most acceptable figures are 2,400 calories per person per day in plain areas, and 2,200 calories per person per day in urban areas. The next step is to translate the nutrient requirement into fiscal terms. The expenditure level of households which are able to spend the requisite amount to obligate the desired calories serves as the cut-off point, or the poverty line. To adjust the poverty line over a period of time, value variations have to be considered and an appropriate price deflator has to be selected. The problem arises in deciding upon such a deflator. Thus, the following elements mainly affect the magnitude of the poverty ratio (i) the nutrition norm (translated into monetary terms)(ii) price deflator used to update the poverty line and(iii) pro rata adjustment in the number of households in different expenditure classes to determine the number of households below and above the poverty line. Different assumptions and methods are used for these terzetto purp oses, which accounts for the different estimates provided by scholars. The Planning Commission has been estimating the incidence of poverty at the national and state level using the methodology contained in the report of the Expert Group on Estimation of Proportion and Number of Poor (Lakdawala Committee) and applying it to consumption expenditure data from the large sample surveys on consumer expenditure conducted by the NSSO (National Sample Survey Organisation) at an interval of approximately five years.Estimates of Poverty (Per cent)Year All India pastoral Urban All India Poverty Ratio Rural Poverty Ratio Urban Poverty Ratio Number (per cent) Number (per cent) Number (per cent) (Million) (Million) (Million) 1973-74 321 54.9 261 56.4 60 49.0 1977-78 329 51.3 264 53.1 65 45.2 1983 323 44.5 252 45.7 71 40.8 1987-88 307 38.9 232 39.1 75 38.2 1993-94 320 36.0 244 37.3 76 32.4 1999-2000 260 26.1 193 27.1 67 23.6 2004-05 239 21.8 170 21.8 68 21.7Problems caused due to povertyHuman po verty measures suggest even worse outcomes than for income poverty in India. India has never been a good performer in human development terms, despite the much better indicators in some states, particularly Kerala. Overall, both health and education indicators have lagged well below those in other countries at similar levels of development and with similar per capita income. But food poverty has been of particular concern. fresh studies have shown alarming levels of hunger, e redundantly in certain states of India. Studies by IFPRI and ISHI quoted in Banerjee (2008) suggest that most states in India rank somewhere among the poor Sub-Saharan countriesPunjab, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Assam have a serious level of hunger Madhya Pradesh fares worst in the extremely alarming cohort of hunger. All the other states record an alarming level of hunger, which is also the general ranking for the whole country.More appallingly, the situation appears to have worsened in the recent period of r apid economic growth. National Sample Surveys shows declining per capita calorie consumption, not only among the entire population, but also among the back tooth quartiles, for which consumption was already very inadequate by international standards. Other indicators of both nutrition and health are also extreme. The latest National Family Health Survey for 200506 shows that the proportion of underweight children below the age of five years was 45.6 per cent in rural India and 32.7 per cent in urban India, indicating hardly any change from the previous survey undertaken eight years previously. More than one-third of the rural population was also underweight. Anaemia often a good indicator of nutritional deprivation was also widespread 79.2 per cent of children aged 1223 months and 56.2 per cent of ever-married women between 15 and 59 years were found to be anaemic.ConclusionPoverty Alleviation ProgrammesThe poverty alleviation programme have been broadly classified ad into self-emp loyment programmes, wage employment programmes, food safety programme and social security programmes. The focus is on the central government schemes only. It is not possible to map the special programmes of all the states. It must be noted here that some of the progressive states have added additional components or given further subsidy to enhance the benefits of the central schemes. For example, in the highly subsidized public distribution system of Andhra Pradesh, the BPL card holders were provided rice at Rs. 2 per kg. Self-employment programmes This programme was started in 1970s in rural areas of the country in the name of Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) to increase the source of income of small farmers and landless labourers.The beneficiaries were given subsidized credit, training, and infrastructure, so that they could find new sources ofearning. In this scheme, agricultural labourers and small farmers received new skills to involve in vocations other than cult ivating land. They included fishery, animal husbandry, and forestry. In the 1980s, this scheme was extended to document castes and tribes, women and rural artisans. Wage employment programmes The main purpose of the wage employment programmes is to provide a livelihood during the lean agricultural season as well as during drought and floods. Under these programmes, villagers worked to improve the village infrastructure such as deepening the village ponds, constructing village schools and improving the rural roads. Thus the programmes not only provided employment to the villagers but also improved village infrastructure and created village public assets.A positive fall out of this programme is that it created higher demand for village labour, thereby pushing up the wage of the labourer in the villages. Food security programmes Meeting the very basic need of access to food is a major challenge to the government in the post-economic reform era. Those who are below poverty line are fac ed with the problem of run into this very basic need. Starvation and hunger have been reported in different parts of the country, even in economically advanced states like Maharashtra. There is malnutrition in all age groups, especially among children. Problem of low birth weight due to under nutrition of mother during pregnancy and underweight of children are rampant in the country.The purchasing power of certain section of the society is so low that they cannot access food at the market price. They need the safety net of food subsidy. In this context, public distribution system or PDS assumes importance. Social security programmes Social security programmes are meant for those who are at the bottom of the BPL facing destitution and desertion. The central government has launched the National Social Assistance Programme or NSAP in August 1995. Under NSAP, there are three schemes.The first one is the National Old Age Pension Scheme or NOAPS. A pension amount of Rs. 75 per month is g iven to those who are above the age of 65 years and are destitute without any regular source of income or support from any family members or relatives. Though it is a very useful scheme for the elderly destitute, the coverage of the programme was not satisfactory. In the year 1999-2000, 8.71 million eligible elderly were identified, but the scheme could pertain out to only 5 million beneficiaries. It was found that the benefits really reached thepoor and the leakage rate was found to be low.

Ikea Global Marketing Essay

IKEA crossing cultural boundaries to furnish the globe 1. How has IKEA successfully sold its home furnishing productions in so legion(predicate) countries around the world? Do globular customer segments truly exist? Ikea targets consumers who tend to claim a young mental age that is, raft who have a youthful outlook regarding the design of home furnishings. Industry analysts have described IKEAs approach as targeting middle-class consumers including first-time home buyers, young families, and people renting their homes that transcend global needs. However, students may argue for forces against global segments, such as resistance to international provokers in favour of local brands and anti-western sentiments. Students may in any case note cultural/attititudal differences in various product categories that make targeting global segments difficult. 2. How important in its marketing is the role of IKEAs Swedish brand simulacrum? What are the implications for marketing?Students should answer the question in relation to the role of country-of-origin effects. These country-of-origin effects influence how consumers rate quality, and sometimes, which brands they will ultimately select. Consumers tend to have an naturalized attitude or even a preference when it comes to a particular product being made in a particular country. This attitude great power be positive, negative or neutral. This plays a critical role in IKEAs marketing strategy, serving to differentiate its value proposition from its competitors and position its brand clearly in the minds of consumers. (Hint Elaborate on how Ikea utilizes its C-O-Effect in its marketing efforts)3. To what extent has IKEA practised a standardised strategy versus an adapted strategy in its global strategy? What are the advantages and disadvantages of this approach?IKEAs products are manufactured, packaged, and positioned the same way regardless of the country in which they are sold to a global segment.However, IKEA l ocalises its advertise to consumers where absolutely necessary for various country markets, and has created different versions of their products to appeal to cultural preferences. The major advantages of IKEAs global standardised strategy are 1. Cost nest egg/Mass Production2. The design and implementation of a standardised marketing mix.3. Branding control.The major disadvantage are1. Unable to fully localise its product range to meet the specific cultural needs and sensitivities of different markets. 2. Limited selection of advertising appeals for some markets to arouse the attention of local consumers.4. Some swan communications, especially the internet and television, enable a global shade to be broadcast to all societies. Are the cultures of the world becoming more similar or more different? Discuss. Global marketing, travel, pop music, popular culture, networked news media and the internet are all forces pushing the world into a more global culture resulting in similar con sumer behaviour. Students could discuss the increasing role of technology as a driver of global media with global television networks and the internet, enabling the transfer of cultures crosswise boundaries and acting as important global promotional tools for global brands.

The Meaning of Symbolism and Imagery in the Writings of Zora Neale Hurston

Zora Neale Hurston uses symbolizationism and imagery to capture emotions and guide the reader through the fib through the eyes of the characters. In her short fiction story, The lordly Six-Bits, Hurston entertains the emotional and visual senses of the reader by using several symbols and images to give light to the story and character settings.Hurston starts out the story by portraying a couples relationship and giving it a sense of security, love and trust. However, as the story develops it is clear that know matter how true love is greed can spoil love.Symbolism is shown strongly through colors in Hurstons story. White is used as a symbol of purity. It portrays the relationship between Joe and Missie May as a clean and untouched relationship as described by Hurston, The fence and rest home were whitewashed. The porch and steps scrubbed white. (252) Joe thinks of the image of his white house on the substance home from work right before he discovers Missie May and Slemmons tog ether. Gold is used frequently throughout the short story as a symbol of social status and greed.Otis D. Slemmons is respected by Joe in the beginning of the story and depicted as being of great importance because of his florid teeth, a five-dollar gold piece for a stickpin and a ten-dollar gold piece on his watch chain. Slemmons character is later disemboweled because he is caught in the act of having sex with Joes wife. The gold symbolizes mistrust, misfortune, greed and falsehood after Slemmons, Missie May and the gold are revealed. Silver also symbolizes a social status to all three of the main characters and a personal symbol to Joe and Missy May.It is clear a little over half way through the story that Slemmons was in the same social crystallise as Joe and Missie May because he did not really have any more money than they did. For Joe and Missie May silver was a symbolof there relationship. It was a ritual in their relationship for Joe to give Missie May the silver dollars all Saturday. The moon is described by Hurston as a silver image on Joes ride home from work, a lean moon rode the lake in a silver boat. If anybody had asked Joe about the moon on the lake, he would have said he hadnt paid it any attention. But he saw it with his feelings. (255) Joe saw the lake with his feelings and he saw the silver moon it is clear that he associated his relationship with his wife with silver. numbers pool are also used as symbols to make a statement without actually stating it. Joe and Missie Mays magic number is nine. This stands for the nine silver dollars that Joe would throw into the house every Saturday. After she and Slemmons were caught together Joe no longer threw the coins into the house on Saturdays. Slemmons is told to have two gold pieces on him in the amounts of five and ten which is the amount of coins that Joe throws into the house at the end of the story. Slemmons uses numbers in an abstract way to describe people. He associates the number for ty with the word forte and Joe doesnt understand what he subject matter by it.Slemmons ironically opens an ice cream shop. Ice cream is a universal symbol for something that is sweet but cold. Slemmons was seen as sweet and suave as was Missie May until the two got together then Joe viewed them as being cold.Clothing is another social status symbol. Slemmons is described as someone who wore fine clothes. later in the story Joe calls them rags. When Joe took Missie May to the ice cream parlour he wanted her to wear her Sunday clothes so that he could show her take out to Slemmons. He wanted him to see his woman since Slemmons talks about all of the women that he has. Hurston writes that Joe considered Missie May to be the best dressed woman at church building, church on Sunday nights when Missie outdressed any woman in town (255) This quote also brings upthe symbol of religion. When Joe asked Missie May to go to the ice cream parlor for the first time Hurston writes that he tells her, put on yo Sunday-go-to-meetin things. (253) Hurstonwrites in other quotes that refer to images from the Bible. Like Samson awakening after his haircut. (256) Dont look back lak Lots wife and turn to salt. (257) The imagery from these quotes make it know that Joe is a religious man in the story and Hurston herself has a religious background.Laughter is used to portray and conceal feelings in Joe. Laughter shows the happiness between Joe and Missie May when they have their playful game on Saturdays. Later in the storyHurston writes that Joes laughter is shown as an diffident feeling when he finds Slemmons with his wife, So he just opened his mouth and laughed. and before bed that night, and took a good laugh and went to bed. (256) At the end of the story Joe was laughing in the store when he turned in the 4-bit piece that he pulled off of Slemmons neck for candy. The clerk states after Joe leaves, Wisht I could be wish these darkies. Laughin all the time. Nothin worries em. Th is was surely not Joes case at all but his character tells otherwise. Hurston also uses laughter as a private symbol in another one of her writings. They do burning statements with questions, and killing tools out of laughs. (Their Eyes Were Watching God 2) Pearl Stone opened her mouth and laughed real stern because she didnt know what else to do. (Their Eyes Were Watching God 2-3)Hurstons real life is story is a mystery according to Ann Duciles book review in The New York Times. She has strange age and birth date documents due to her habitual lying. although she gave the year of her birth as 1910, rather than 1891, as scholars have now determined. (The New York Times) Literature and The piece of writing Process has her birth date listed as 1901. Her birthplace is also not certain. She has said that she was born in Eatonville but it is assumed that she was born in Notasulga, Alaska. Nonetheless, Hurston has made a mark in the history of writing with her cultural relations and pe ers. According to The New York Timesarticle there are festivals, foundations, literary societies, gift chairs, journals, honors and awards in the name of Zora.

Methodology (guide 1000) †Research Design Essay

The current interpret employs a descriptive-comparative design, with nutrition knowledge, lifestyles, and health behaviours being compared. The scores of the two groups (normal tip and weighty groups) were analyzed using the Chi-square to determine if they had a descent with being grievous. Tthe study is descriptive in nature as frequencies, means, and frequency distributions were computed to describe the samples used in the study. Samples and Sampling Plan Hong Kong residents between 18 to 40 years old is the population for this seek study.Since the gibe population for the muckle is very large, due to time limitations a sample size of 60 was interpreted for the survey, with 30 allotted to the normal weight group and the rest to the obese sample. Purposive sampling rule is adopted for this research. The selection of employees for the experimental group was do on the basis of their confederacy in the underline management workshop. To ensure the effectiveness of the study , employees belonging to all levels of management, service time, sex groups and age are selected to recruit in the survey.There shall be two samples used in the study, namely, 1) normal weight group and 2) the obese group. Both groups shall be chosen using purposive sampling. Purposive sampling is a popular research recruiting method, as the sample size does not have to be determined at the beginning of the project. It is in like manner an advantage for this study, as the sample size forget be constrained by time and on hand(predicate) resources (Mack, Woodsong, MacQueen, Guest & Namey, 2005). This study give make use of purposive sample to select respondents.This was based on respondents willingness to participate and being available during the period to complete the surveys. Informed agree need to be taken into consideration at the start of any research project. Consent is about participants making a liable choice to take part in the study, and, as such, their aspirations n eed to fit with the goals of the research (Mason, 1997). The researcher will ensure that the participants were fully apprised. In addition the researcher discussed the potential consent form with their supervisor and colleagues.This will highlight to the researcher potential ambiguities in meaning, confusing sentences and missing information that are likely to keep off the measures (Patton, 2000). Informed consent requires the awareness of the researcher that companionship is dependant on an individuals reasonableness of the goals of the study, and what is expected of the participant. Informed consent will ensure respect for the dignity of the participant (Mack et al. , 2005). Coercion into participation will be avoided at all costs, as the study requires that participation be voluntary (Mack et al, 2005).Thus, informed consent was to ensure the well being of participants as its priority. Additionally, participants would be do aware that their responses would directly bestow t o a sharing of knowledge on nutrition knowledge, lifestyles, and health behaviours among Hong Kong residents. In addition, respondents will be reassure that the information sedate would be kept confidential. No incentives will be provided for participation in this study. Results collected from the final analyses will be made available to respondents on request.Procedure The respondents who are legible for participation were contacted to ask for their permission in participating in the study. They were sent formal letters or telecommunicates indicating this purpose. Calls were made to these individuals to confirm their willingness to participate in the study. This study is meant to research on nutrition knowledge, lifestyles, and health behaviours of normal weight and obese individuals in Hong Kong. The primary source of data is the responses to a questionnaire (see Appendix A).A preliminary study is done on the responses collected from 5 respondents. The questionnaire was then al tered based on their suggestions. During pilot testing, verbalism of some questions is improved to make it more understandable to the respondents. Some questions were eliminated from the questionnaire and new questions were added on the basis of the respondents comments. The mold was repeated once again to arrive at the final questionnaire to be used on the sample. The data collection period occured over a period of 15 days.The research hypotheses were not divulged rather respondents were just now informed that the study aims to determine differences in nutritional knowledge, lifestyles, and health behaviours between normal weight and obese individuals, and so contribute to research on this topic. It is anticipated that respondents are less likely to guess the hypotheses, and so less likely to exhibit socially desirable responses in order to please the investigator. Respondents were called to administer the survey via telephone.Each respondent was told that the cessation of the survey will take about 10 minutes and they were asked to email a signed consent form if he is amenable to the terms of participation. In all cases, consent forms were printed and stored separately to consent forms, and each questionnaire booklet was identified only with a respondent number. On completion of the study, respondents were thanked, and were briefly informed of the studys hypotheses. Respondents were also informed that the results of the study will be made available to them on request following submission of the final thesis.ReferencesAdamson, A.J.,Rugg-Gunn, A.J.,Butler, T.J.,& Appleton, D.R. (1996). The contribution of foods from outside the home to the food for thought intake of young adolescents. Journal of Human nutrition and Dietetics, 9(1), 55-68Department of Health, Hong Kong. (2006). Obesity. Retrieved on October 20, 2006 from http//www.dh.gov.hk/english/main/main_chp/surveil_pr_dig_kncd_obesity.html.

Negative Business Letter Essay

Toy Travels Ltd. June 17, 2009 Mrs. Vic King 800 University Drive Romeoville, IL 60446 Dear Mrs. Vic, Toy Travels has been in argumentation now for decades, its dedicated to customer satisfaction for over a decade now, achieving this goal by giving its customers comminuted opportunities to travel at extremely low costs. We hope that you and your family enjoyed your week long shift with lots of fun in our nice weather down here in Chicago. It was greatly apprehended that your family tour down here and at the same time interested in our services.However I express regret that our company was unable to accept your application due to the fact that you do non hold any sort of good credit. Our report depict that you have couples of unpaid credit on your account. All you need to do is develop a good line of credit over more or less a years time,and our creditors will surely approve you. At Toy Travels, parts of our excellent services are to provide you with a chance to meet with Truth Mortgage, the company that handles most of our mortgage cases.This would get you started in a smart and easy plan to build up your credit. Please pull possible effort to contact us using the provide telephone number above if armed service is needed. We will be anxiously waiting to hear from you Mrs. Vic because we at Toy Travels will keep our address in providing the best customer service you can ever receive elsewhere. Thank you for your time and patience. Sincerely, Toye Oduola, chief executive officer Toy Travels Ltd

Marxist Critique of Desiree’s Baby Essay

The Antebellum south, or merely the word plantation, conjures images of white, columned valetses shaded by past oaks bowed beneath the weight of Spanish moss and centuries. Somehow these monuments of Greek revivalist architecture sparkle in their ivory-coated siding, steady while the trunks of their aged arboreal neighbors hide under floor upon soggy layer of dense, green lichen. The white house is a reflection of the inhabitants, its cleanliness in the damp, soiled environment houseing as a stark reminder of the hegemony goerning the lives of those living non in the house, provided hidden nearby. LAbri, the plantation home of the Aubigny family in Chopins Desires Baby, is yellow and has a foreboding grisly roof made more sinister by the gloomy shadows cast by its requisite alter greenery. LAbri is not unlike any separate antebellum mansion house of the pre-Civil War era it represents its inhabitants.The mansion is tenuously presented as an example of how little authority color truly wields without an underlying cleverness kindly system to support it substance. objet dart extend figures prominently in Desires Baby, the story is an exemplary exemplar for the application of Marxist criticism. Marxist criticism is the recognition of inequalities in power between characters (Gardner 146). It purposes to expose the inequalities that underlie wholly societies (Gardner 146). These inequalities send a way of look have multiple sources, though often the main source is track. But is quicken a biological reality? Miles posits that races be imagined, in that they have no real biological ft (26). Miles further observes that differentiations between groups are simultaneously inclusive and exclusive (27) as the characteristics describing one group stand in contrast to another group. The destructive nature of racial categorization is in the claims that biological types do the endowment and behavior of individuals (Miles 28) depending on their race, and that conflict between them is the consequence of their biological constitution (Miles 28).Furthermore, race can be used to argue that there exists a natural hierarchy that determines positions of inferiority, and by extension, superiority (Miles 28). These assertions give credence to the throwership of slaves and the race-based denial of rights, and are foundational to the idea that the mixing of races is unnatural and even destructive. But race mixing is not mixing if race does not exist as a biological category. While science can find ship canal to assign race, those categories are blurred as races blend and eventually they will disappear. As a danger to the idea of race, blending is anathema to the superior category. Plantation spiritedness was a microcosmic picture of the idea of a need for segregation, wherein each category was given its own territory within which its distinctive capacity for civilization can be realized (Miles 30).But Chopin gives an excellent (and perh aps accurate) portrayal of the lack of any real biological priming coat for what constituted race in Antebellum Louisiana. Chopin describes Armand as dark (402), and Desire points out to Armand that she is fair-skinned and whiter than he is (403). The baby is their fry (Chopin 403) when Armand reveals the truth to Desire, but is Desires child alone however four paragraphs later as she decides to leave (Chopin 404), as yet the actual biological basis upon which the childs call forthage is based. Desire walks away with the golden sparkle (Chopin 404) of the sunlight in her brown hair, taking nothing with her, as befitting her new-found but false identity. She does not take the beaten path, but instead walks through the newly-harvested October fields (Chopin 404), again behaving in a way that befits the new category with which she now identifies.Desires biology belies the reality that she now accepts as the chaff bruised her tender feet (Chopin 404), and she does not know to wal k where the branches will not shred her delicate clothing. If Desire were in reality black in the Antebellum south, she would know these things from early childhood. Desire disappears among the reeds and willows that grew thick along the bank of the compact sluggish bayou and she did not come back again (404). Desires disappearance is not only her physical departure from LAbri it is the disappearance of the white woman that was Desire. And none of these circumstances is decided by biology, but by what Marxists refer to as a struggle for power between different social classes (Gardner 145). Chopin is delivering a message that power transcends race.What mends Desire apart in terms of her subjugation by Armand? It is not race, but the lack thereof. Desire is unable to hide anything slightly herself because her origins are unknown (Chopin 401). She is a impulsive captive to Armand as a result of her love and her marriage, but she is not an unwilling captive to race she is an unwill ing captive to her otherness. She does not have doubts about her race, but must live with the reality that Armand has told me I am not white (Chopin 404). Because her origins are unknown and she does not have a name, she must acquiesce to the whims of Armand, who had at first decided to be unconcerned about the girls obscure origins (Chopin 401). Armand is the power here. He makes all of the decisions regarding the lives of those within his circle of power, and he does so because he is allowed to do so. Madam Valmond has even decided to be unconcerned about Armands questionable origins.It is interesting that Desires let perceives evidence of the babys blackness (Chopin 402), but does not explore the possibility that Armands kindred is the cause. Madam Valmond is part of the power structure and victimizes her own daughter, whom she claims to love deeply and sees as a enthrone from a beneficent Providence to be the child of her affection, seeing as she was without child of the fle sh (Chopin 401). Had Desire been a child of the flesh of Madam Valmond, she would have been accepted, and Madam Valmond could have exercised her superiority over Armand and the unanswered questions of his origins. It is remarkable that no one questions Armands pedigree even though his mother lived and died in France (Chopin 401). Armands mother is perhaps one of the more interesting subjects of Marxist study in the story. One cannot suspensor but wonder why Chopin portrays Monsieur Aubigny as easy-going and indulgent (Chopin 403).He is a slave owner who marry a woman of a different race overseas and asserted his white superiority over her, which is evident in her letter at the end of the story (Chopin 405). She credits God with having given her the ability to hide the reality of her inferiority from her son (Chopin 405). She is lost in the shame of her otherness. She has been so fully convert by her perceived superiors of her inferiority that she sees the ability to hide her tru e nature as a adorn from her creator.To Monsieur Aubignys hidden wife, this is as much a gift as Madam Valmonds child of affection. One must question why Aubigny moved to France to marry this woman. And what was the arrangement that allowed her to stay hidden? Did she kick in suicide? Is the letter that Armand is reading a final word from her before taking her own life? Note that this was only part of an old letter (Chopin 405), which leaves the true nature of her death unknown. This is power beyond ownership of chattels or social superiority this power is God-like. Aubigny has happy slaves and is an indulgent tyrant, but to what dark conjuring has he subjected his French wife? Even if she is dying from something natural at the writing of the letter, it is remarkable that she perceives such(prenominal) powerlessness in herself.Armand is not as devoted as his mother to God. He finds that God has dealt cruelly and unjustly with him (Chopin 404) when he discovers that all is not as it seemed. Armand has a beautiful wife who loved him urgently (Chopin 402) and asked no greater blessing of God (Chopin 402) when he smiled. He has inherited a plantation and slaves to feat it. He is rich and possesses the legacy of a good name. Yet in unmitigated spite of all that he has been given, Armand finds God unjust. His world has been suddenly and completely turned on its head because he has precedent to believe that his child has inherited inferiority, never guessing that he himself is the source in more ways than one. Armand is a name similar to fling, and Chopin seems to model him in part after the biblical first man.With the jut of Desire, LAbri is reminiscent of the biblical garden east of Eden, with the exception that Armand remains. The Mosaic account of the creation of man includes a guideline for marriage, with the command that they shall become one flesh (NASB, propagation 2.24). A married pair in this sense should be regarded in the same manner as a child a nd parent inseparable by nature, regardless of wounds or emotions. This is a picture that does not give place to the other as each partner is regarded equally.It should be noted here that the name Desire is a French articulation of desire, and it was cristals desire that inspired God to give him a mate (NASB, Genesis 2.20). But Adam failed to regard his wife as equal to himself, standing by as she was tempted and choosing not to intervene (NASB, Genesis 3.6). In witnessing her deception and choosing not to intervene, Adam has made Eve the other. He has confused himself from her. Armand allegorically models the actions of Adam, but he gives himself the God-like power to expel his Eve from the garden, while choosing to ignore his own nature. Adam was Armands example in choosing to act in spite of all that he had been given, and in Adams attempt to fool God into believing that he had been blameless (NASB, Genesis 3.11), he set up a struggle for power.Armand falls easily into this str uggle. It is not a stretch to believe that he has doubts about his own race. Exiling Desire is a tactic that Armand uses to maintain his hegemony. He does not have a foundation of support apart from the societal acceptance of slavery and white superiority. Desire and Madam Valmond are victimized by the very system that they tacitly support. They support it both by their participation as landowners and probable slave-holders and by their acceptance of it even when it forces them to accept inferiority. The superstructure of power in their society is so virile that it can be enforced with nothing more than words, even when those words have no basis in biological fact. It is not the taint of the wrong skin color that makes Desire a sad figure it is her support of a tainted system from which she benefitted until it turned on her.Skin color is a biological reality, but it has been manipulated in support of hegemony. The Antebellum south stood as a physical copy of the realities of race . Large, sparkling, white houses stood proudly fronting the large plantation estates of the white owners therein, while the dark-skinned slaves abode in small, stiff cottages hidden in the rear. Kate Chopin depicts a plantation mansion in her short story Desires Baby with a paint color that is darker than the standard, modeling the color of the inhabitants. Nonetheless, the Aubigny family is powerful, benefitting from a superstructure that assigns power by the perception, kinda than the reality, of skin color. While race is an important feature of the story, Chopin has written a work that is perfect for a Marxist critique.Works CitedChopin, Kate. Desires Baby. Anthology of the American Short Story. Ed. James Nagel. Boston, New York Houghton Mifflin, 2008. 121-135. Print. ISBN 978-0-618-73220-3 Gardner, James. Writing about Literature A Portable Guide. Boston Bedford/St. Martins, 2009. Print. ISBN 978-0-312-60757-9 Miles, Robert. Recent Marxist Theories of Nationalism and the Issue of Racism. The British journal of Sociology 38.1 (1987) 24-43. Web. 9 Jun. 2012. New American Standard Bible. Trans. The Lockman Foundation. New YorkOxford UP, 1971. Print.

Organizational Learning Essay

1. 0 Introduction The title of this journal is Organizational Learning Practices in the picture Management Environment. The author is Timothy G. Kotnour from University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA. This journal focuses on understanding how consider managers continuously remediate their bulge out quality and murder by building knowledge through acquire. Beside that, for the spew arranging to learn, organizational members must create, share and apply knowledge. The organizations members will create new(a) knowledge for erudition experiences.Learning-by-doing occurs when a fuss solver associates plans and actions to accomplish positive results and debar negative results (Anzai, 1987). While, the plan-duty-study-act (PDSA) cycle, is used to represent the learning care for in a formulate environment. there watch two learning cycle in this journal which is Inter- pop out learning cycle and Intra- leap out learning cycle. Inter- endure learning is the combinin g and share of lessons well-educated across molds to apply and develop new knowledge.Tools to nutrition inter- pop out learning include information technology tools and employee groups aimed at sharing knowledge across the organization provides a detailed example of an online system for recognizing, documenting, validating and making available lessons knowing for an organization. While, intra-project learning is the knowledgeability and sharing of knowledge within a project. Intra-project learning focuses on tasks within a single project and supports the delivery of a successful project by come ining problems and solving them during the project.Learning take place when a project team members discuss approaches for completing a task or overcoming problems. The intra-learning occurs throughout routine inform cycle such(prenominal) as weekly or monthly status and review meetings, project deliverables or major occurrences in the project. 2. 0 Research Methodology & Framework The research methodology involves a lessons knowing oriented cartoon was completely by 43 project managers who were attending a chapter meeting of the show Management Institute. The regard used to lesson learned terminology because it is more familiar to project managers than organization learning.The survey contained four question sets. The first set asked project manager their background in project solicitude. The warrant set focused on how project managers produce lessons learned which is including when, what just about, how know, what to produce a lesson learned about and what is included in a lesson learned. While, the third set asked respondent to describe, using five-point Likert scale leaf ( 5 = strongly agree, 4 = agree, 3 = not sure, 2 = disagree, 1 = strongly disagree ), which is the degree to which they practice project management learning practices.Next the fourth set asked respondent to describe using a five-point Likert scale the degree to which their organizati on is achieving the learning outcomes. Factor digest was performed on the third and fourth data sets. thither are five general stairs to factor digest which is assessing applicability of the factor analysis process, ascertain the number of factors through factor extraction, grouping the variables into factors according to factor loading, producing weighted factor scores and last each factors reliability was computed using Cronbachs alpha3. 0 Framework, Independent versatile (IV) and Dependent Variable (DV) The learning framework offer an implications for a project manager to use in focusing the learning activities of a project team which is first, the opportunity for learning is an inherent part of the project management process. The project management process parallels the learning process. The steps in the process provide the foundation for learning. In a discussion with a project manager, most of the them viewed producing lessons learned as a valuable and important exercise s.However, they tangle that they did not subscribe time to complete a formal lesson learned and viewed the learning as a separate activity. This situation showed that, there has a weak relationship between IV and DV. Second, the use of lessons learned can be conducted throughout a project life-cycle, not just at the end of the project. use the intra-learning cycle, lesson learned can be produced for each cycle in a project to carry on learning to the next cycle and to the next project. And the lastly is the learning process can break sight at any stage of the intra- or inter-learning PDSA cycle.For example, the break down can happened in the learning process if there have not using the project management process and tools in a authoritative fashion on the model of intra- and inter-project learning. Other than that, the learning process excessively can fail in the plan step by not reviewing past plans and lessons learned to apply to the current project. In the do step, learning can break down as a result of the project team not following the plan or collecting data on the performance and changes to the plans.While learning also can fail in the study step by not analysing project performance with project tools and not competing lesson learned. Finally, in the act step, learning process can fail because there have no sharing with or incorporating lessons learned into the next project. 4. 0 Result of the Journal The results of survey analysis in this journal are divided into two areas. First, hypothesis testing is completed and second descriptive analysis is completed on how project managers produce lesson learned.Table III contains the result of regression analysis for hypothesis testing. pic 4. 1 Project Performance As shown in Table III, project management performance is positively associated with project knowledge. Having knowledge about what could be wrong, ways to ensure success and ways to avoid problems supports the organization in delivering better products and services and managing projects better regarding plan a project and meet cost, order of business and performance requirements. 4. 2 Project Management.As shown in Table III, intra- and inter-project learning practices are directly associated with project knowledge. Producing lesson learned is hypothesized to support the intra- and inter-project learning activities by providing a mechanism to reflect on the project and sharing the knowledge across the project. 4. 3 Learning Practices. Based on Table III, producing a lesson learned is link to inter-project learning. The important factor to increase inter-project learning is not just to produce a lessons learned just now to conduct multiple activities for producing lesson learned.4. 4 Learning Support According on Table III, learning support is needed for each of the learning activities such as inter, intra and lesson learned. Collecting data about the set of steps on a project supports intra-project learning by providin g the data and information to compare against the plan and identify mistakes. Being willing to openly and honestly address the mistakes helps drive the learning for intra-project learning and produce lessons learned which can be shared across the organization through inter-project learning. 5.0 Suggestion/Recommendation There have some recommendation for organizational practices in the project management environment. Project organizations are confront with continuously improving the quality and performance of their products and services to compete in the competitive environment. To learning such an integrated in the project management environments from project experiences to improve knowledge and performance, there must have provide a learning framework which defines the learning processes in a project management environmental.Beside that, analysing the survey result of practicing project managers perception on learning outcomes and practices. Other than that, by consolidation and sharing the experiences and learning across project, the organizational will have a greater knowledge. While, project team members must need support for learning to enable them to learn from experiences. Next, for developed organizational practices in the project management environment, the factor analysis and reliability results for the project management learning practices should be provided.This included how project manager share knowledge from one project to next, how project managers create knowledge during a project and the action project managers take to support the learning process. There also recommend to provides the factor analysis and reliability results for the learning outcomes. There have 2 factors for learning outcome which is the change magnitude knowledge by sharing lessons learned across projects and how to learning process helps the organization improve in managing a project and delivering products and services. 6. 0 ConclusionsAs a conclusion, project organizat ion should focus on building knowledge because increased knowledge is associated with increased project performance. To support knowledge building the organization must focus on the learning both and between projects. However, the learning process needs to support by using management tools to plan and monitor results. There also needs to be supported with an environment which allows team members to have got mistakes and openly discuss solutions to problems. All of this needs to be completed to lead to project management success.7. 0 References Kotnour, T. G. , Orr, C., Spaulding, J. and Guidi, J. (1997), Determining the benefit of knowledge management activities, 1997 International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, October 12-15, pp. 94-9. Anzai, Y. (1987), Doing, understanding, and learning in problem solving, in Klahr, D. , Langley, P. and Neches, R (Eds), Production System Models of Learning and Development, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 55-98. Argyris, C. and Schon, D . A. (1978), Organizational LearningA Theory of Action Perspective,Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. Abdullah, H. S. Research Method Guide. Gido, C. Effective Project Management, 5th Edition.

Discussing Improving Umbilical Cord Health Health And Social Care Essay

This chapter deals with the treatment of the consequence of the informations analysis to measure the effectiveness of topical application of chest take out versus alter electric pileuroyuroy attention for bettering umbilical cord cord cord health lieu of newborns. The treatment is based on the aims of the quite a little and the hypothesis specified in the view.With several demographic features of the sample in the data-based theme, hoi polloi of neonates 16 ( 58.3 % ) were males and staying 14 ( 46.7 % ) neonates were females. Majority of female parents 17 ( 56.7 % ) were primiparas and staying 13 ( 43.3 % ) female parents were multiparas. Majority of neonates 18 ( 60 % ) were born in the midst of 37-38 hebdomads, 10 ( 33.3 % ) neonates were born betwixt 39-40 hebdomads and staying 2 ( 6.7 % ) neonates were born amidst 41-42weeks. Majority of neonates 19 ( 63.3 % ) had normal fork up tilt and staying 11 ( 36.7 % ) neonates had low brook weight. Majority of female parents 24 ( 80 % ) did non had each complications and staying 6 ( 20 % ) female parents had maternalistic complications want maternalism induced high blood pressure and gestational diabetes. Majority of female parents 15 ( 50 % ) had lower segmental cesarean subdivision, 12 ( 40 % ) had normal vaginal deliverance and staying 3 ( 10 % ) had forceps bringing. Majority of neonates 19 ( 63.3 % ) had tonss of eight and above and staying 11 ( 36.7 % ) neonates had less than eight mark.In the affirm sort, bulk of neonates 18 ( 60 % ) were females and staying 12 ( 40 % ) neonates were males. 15 ( 50 % ) female parents were para Is and 15 ( 50 % ) female parents were multiparas. Majority of neonates 21 ( 70 % ) were born between 37-38 hebdomads, 6 ( 20 % ) neonates were born between 39-40 hebdomads and staying 3 ( 10 % ) neonates were born between 41-42weeks. Majority of neonates 19 ( 63.3 % ) had normal hold weight and staying 11 ( 36.7 % ) neonates had low blood line weight. Majo rity of female parents 22 ( 73.3 % ) did non had any complications and staying 8 ( 26.7 % ) female parents had maternal complications ilk gestation induced high blood pressure and gestational diabetes. Majority of female parents 15 ( 50 % ) had lower segmental cesarean subdivision, 12 ( 40 % ) had normal vaginal bringing and staying 3 ( 10 % ) had forceps bringing. Majority of neonates 18 ( 60 % ) had tonss of eight and above and staying 12 ( 40 % ) neonates had less than eight mark.The introductory aim was to measure the effectivity of modify cord attention on umbilical cord health moor get on with among neonates of simplicity meeting.Data findings in the tabular ramble 3 showed the appraisal of umbilical cord wellness position of neonates in alter cord attention group by Modified REEDA graduated table. go steady to umbilical cord wellness position by Modified REEDA Scale, On first cardinal hours of interposition 90 % neonates had no infection, 10 % of neonates had mild infection and none of them had moderate and horrific infection and on the 7th xxiv hours of intercession 30 % of neonates had no infection, 33.3 % of neonates had mild infection, 26.7 % of neonates had moderate infection and 10 % of neonates had terrible infection on umbilical cord.Data findings in the tabular place no 4 showed the bacterial resolution of umbilical cord on tertiary twenty-four hours of intercession.With respect to bacterial colonisation, 10 ( 33.3 % ) neonates had no bacterial growing, 8 ( 26.7 % ) neonates had staphylococcus aureus infection, 7 ( 23.3 % ) neonates had proteus infection and 5 ( 16.7 % ) neonates had klebsiella infection in dry cord attention group neonates.Data findings in the tabular begin 5 showed the appraisal of umbilical cord wellness position based on umbilical cord go mangle on. require to umbilical cord travel off yearss, the sightly figure of cord locomote off yearss in dry cord attention group was 7.7 A 1.7 yearss.The above con sequence was supported by Shoaeib & A Barrawy ( 1990 ) conducted a quasi experimental survey on intoxi dropt or traditional methods versus inherent drying for neonate s cord attention in university infirmaries at Alexendria and Minia. In this survey 70 neonates were selected, which was divided into 2 groups. Group I newborns standard traditional methods or intoxicant cord attention and Group II received natural drying of the umbilical cord. Culture specimens were obtained from umbilical cord on first and 3rd twenty-four hours of birth to observe bacterial colonisation. Rate of bacterial colonisation was significantly lower in the natural drying cord attention group than intoxicant or traditional methods groups. Average clip of cord withdrawal was shorter in natural drying cord attention group as compared with the intoxicant or traditional methods group.The second aim was to measure the effectivity of topical application of chest milk on umbilical cord wellness position among neo nates of experimental group.Data findings in the tabular array 3 showed the appraisal of umbilical cord wellness position of neonates in topical application of chest milk cord attention group by modify REEDA graduated table.Regard to umbilical cord wellness position by modified REEDA Scale, On first twenty-four hours of intercession none of the neonates had infection, likewise on the 7th twenty-four hours of intercession 63.4 neonates did non had infection, 33.3 % of neonates had mild infection, 3.3 % of neonates had moderate infection and no 1 had terrible infection.Data findings in the tabular array 4 showed the bacterial colonisation of umbilical cord on 3rd twenty-four hours of intercession.With respect to bacterial colonisation, 18 ( 60 % ) neonates had no bacterial growing, 5 ( 16.7 % ) neonates had staphylococcus aureus infection, 4 ( 13.3 % ) neonates had proteus infection and 3 ( 10 % ) neonates had klebsiella infection in topical application chest milk cord attention grou p neonates.Data findings in the tabular array 5 showed the appraisal of umbilical cord wellness position based on umbilical cord fall off on.Regard to umbilical cord falls off yearss, the average figure of cord falls off yearss in breast milk group was 6.3A 1.3days.The above consequence was supported by Ezmaeili & A Ghazvini ( 2006 ) conducted a randomised clinical test survey on effectivity of topical application of chest milk on bacterial colonisation in umbilical cord in Omolbanin infirmary in Mashhad. In this survey 118 samples were selected which was divided into two groups. severally group 59 neonates were assigned. Group I newborns received dry cord attention. All female parents in both groups were instructed ab aside attention of umbilical cord within collar hours of birth. Group II neonates were employ breast milk to the umbilical stump three hours after birth and continued every 12 hourly until two yearss after cord separation. Nothing was applied to the umbilical stu mp of the dry cord attention group. The research worker were obtained an umbilical swab three hours after birth and the 3rd twenty-four hours of life from the base of the cord. Rate of bacterial colonisation were recorded in both groups. They found out that most common civilized beings were S.Epidermidis, S.Aureus, E.Coli and Klebsiella Pneumoniae in the umbilical stump and thither were alpha going aways between dry cord card and human chest milk groups in colonisation rate. Topical application of breastmilk on umbilical cord leads to cut down bacterial colonisation and cord separation clip and it can be used as easy, inexpensive, non hurt methods for umbilical cord attention.The 3rd aim was to compare the umbilical cord wellness position between the experimental and swan group among neonates.Data findings in the tabular array 6 shows the comparing of mean and standard discrimination protect of topical application of chest milk versus dry cord attention group by modified REEDA graduated table.The above tabular array 6 shows that comparing of mean and standard divergence value of topical application of chest milk versus dry cord attention among experimental and apply group. On first twenty-four hours intercession the average value was 0.0 and the standard divergence was 0.0 in the experimental group and the average value was 0.1 and the standard divergence was 0.3 in the concur group. On 7th twenty-four hours of intercession the average value was 0.533 and Standard divergence 0.899 in experimental group. In control group mean value was 2.93 and standard divergence was 2.63. The turn over t value was 3.247 in the experimental group and 6.011 in the control group, which shows that there was significance exit among the topical application of chest milk and dry cord attention group at P & lt 0.001 period. get across 7 shows that comparing of bacterial colonisation among experimental and control group on 3rd twenty-four hours of intercession.With respe ct to bacterial colonisation, per centum difference of no bacterial growing was ( 26.7 % ) , staphylococcus aureus ( 10 % ) , genus Proteus ( 10 % ) , Klebsiella it was ( 6.7 % ) . The deliberate t value of no growing of bacterial colonisation was 2.151, staphylococci aureus colonisation was 0.946, proteus colonisation was 1.010 and klebsiella colonisation was 0.767, which shows that there was important difference among the experimental and control group newborns in bacterial colonisation at P & lt 0.05 degree.The above tabular array -8 shows that appraisal of cord falls off among experimental and control group.Regard to umbilical cord falls off yearss, the average value of experimental group was 6.3 and 7.7 in control group. The standard divergence of experimental group was 1.3 and in control group was 1.7. The difference of agencies among experimental and control group was 1.4. The deliberate t value was 3.522, which shows that extremely important difference among the experimen tal and control groups in cord falls off on yearss at P & lt 0.001 degree.Hence, the hypothesis ( RH1 ) stated that there is a important difference in umbilical cord wellness position among the experimental and control group neonates. thereof the hypothesis was accepted.The average figure of cord falls off yearss in experimental group was 6.3 A 1.3 yearss and control group was 7.7 A 1.7 yearss. The average difference was 1.4 yearss. It was statistically important, so hypothesis ( RH1 ) was accepted.The above consequence was supported by Sezer kiza ( 2006 ) conducted a instance control design on umbilical cord attention comparing topical human milk, providone I and dry cord attention, in urban university infirmary at Turkey. In this survey 150 samples were selected and it was divided into three groups. Each group had 50 neonates. Group I received breast milk on their umbilical cord, group II received providone I and group III received dry cord attention. This survey shows that the mean cord separation clip of chest milk group was significantly shorter than dry cord attention and providone I group at P & lt 0.001 degree.Hence, the research hypothesis ( RH1 ) stated that there is a important difference on umbilical cord wellness position between the experimental and control group. This shows that topical aplication of chest milk on umbilical cord has an effectual than dry cord attention. Thus the hypothesis is acceptedThe 4th aim was to tie in the umbilical cord wellness position of neonates between experimental and control group with their demographic variables. prorogue 9a shows the chi-square value for the connector between the cord wellness position with their sex was ( 0.325 ) , para ( 0.597 ) , gestational age ( 1.239 ) , birth weight ( 0.627 ) , maternal complications during gestation ( 4.342 ) , eccentric person of bringing ( 3.095 ) and Apgar mark ( 1.556 ) .So these survey findings shows that there was no connexion between experimental group with their demographic variables include sex, para gestational age, birth weight, maternal complications during gestation, type of bringing, apgar mark at P & lt 0.05 degree.Table 9b shows the chi-square value for the connecter between the cord wellness position with their sex was ( 6.400 ) , para ( 0.844 ) , gestational age ( 12.738 ) , birth weight ( 3.026 ) , maternal complications during gestation ( 2.784 ) , type of bringing ( 3.701 ) and Apgar mark ( 2.928 ) .So these survey findings shows that there was no friendship between experimental group with their demographic variables include sex, para gestational age, birth weight, maternal complications during gestation, type of bringing, apgar mark at P & lt 0.05 degree.Table 10 ( a ) shows the Chi-square value for the association between bacterial colonisation among experimental group with their sex was ( 2.299 ) ,para ( 6.606 ) , gestational age ( 4.456 ) , birth weight ( 1.507 ) , maternal complications during gestation ( 2.708 ) , type of bringing ( 9.361 ) and Apgar mark ( 0.311 ) .So these survey findings shows that there was no association between experimental group with their demographic variables include sex, para gestational age, birth weight, maternal complications during gestation, type of bringing, apgar mark at P & lt 0.05 degree.Table 10 ( B ) shows the Chi-square value for the association between bacterial colonisation among control group with their sex was ( 3.274 ) , para ( 7.586 ) , gestational age ( 3.480 ) , birth weight ( 1.948 ) , maternal complications during gestation ( 2.752 ) , type of bringing ( 4.341 ) and Apgar mark ( 5.714 ) .So these survey findings shows that there was no association between experimental group with their demographic variables include sex, para gestational age, birth weight, maternal complications during gestation, type of bringing, apgar mark at P & lt 0.05 degree.Table 11 ( a ) shows the Chi-square value for the association between umbilical cord falls off a mong experimental group with their sex was ( 3.519 ) , para ( 4.455 ) , gestational age ( 0.795 ) , birth weight ( 0.895 ) , maternal complications during gestation ( 0.170 ) , type of bringing ( 2.813 ) and Apgar mark ( 0.003 ) .So these survey findings shows that there was association among para and umbilical cord falls off. No association between experimental group with other(a) demographic variables include sex, gestational age, birth weight, maternal complications during gestation, type of bringing, apgar mark at P & lt 0.05 degreeTable 11 ( B ) shows the Chi-square value for the association between umbilical cord falls off among control group with their sex was ( 0.089 ) , para ( 0.4641 ) , gestational age ( 3.597 ) , birth weight ( 0.741 ) , maternal complications during gestation ( 1.099 ) , type of bringing ( 3.817 ) and Apgar mark ( 1.094 ) .So these survey findings shows that there was no association between experimental group with their demographic variables include se x, para, gestational age, birth weight, maternal complications during gestation, type of bringing, apgar mark at P & lt 0.05 degreeThe demographic variables ( Sex, Parity, gestational age, birth weight, maternal complications during gestation, type of bringing, apgar mark ) of both groups were non holding any association and therefore they were non confounded with the umbilical cord attention.Hence, the research hypothesis ( RH2 ) stated that there is a important association between umbilical cord wellness position between the experimental and control group with their demographic variables ( Sex, Parity, gestational age, birth weight, maternal complications during gestation, type of bringing, apgar mark ) . Tables 9 ( a, B ) , 9 ( B ) , 10 ( a, B ) , 11 ( a, B ) , shows that there was no important association between that umbilical cord wellness position between experimental and control group with the selected demographic variables. Table 9a, showed that there was important associa tion between para and umbilical cord falls off yearss in experimental group. Newborns of para I female parents had lengthier yearss of cord falls off than the neonates of multipara female parents. But, in construe to dry cord attention group there was no association between the cord falls off twenty-four hours with para.From the above analysis and readings, the hypothesis ( H1 ) on that point is a important difference in cord wellness position between the experimental and control group neonates was accepted.The above credence of ( H1 ) were attributed to the effectivity of topical application chest milk for bettering umbilical cord wellness position of neonates.The hypothesis ( H2 ) There is a important association in cord wellness position between the experimental and control group with the demographic variables . In this survey there will be no important association between experimental and control group except para.